Even in a country like Republican China, where refugee crises were an all too familiar occurrence, the scale of displacement caused by the flood was exceptional. The highest proportion could be found in South Anhui, where 61% of the population were displaced by floodwater.Duration: 1 year.

Li et al.

“Changes in Dryness/Wetness In China During the Last 529 Years.” Wang Lin. By June, water was already forcing people from their homes; the Yangtze was at record levels.But while nature was an essential element in the floods, it was not the only factor. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. “Analysis of Historical Floods on the Yangtze River, China: Characteristics and Explanations.” Zhang Bo.

“The Trend and Fluctuation of Historical Floods in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River.” Xu Mingting. The flood had a serious impact upon an area of 169,000 km2, excluding rivers and lakes. Historian The most visible cause of the floods — in 1931 and in 2020 — was rain. “State Intervention in the Administration of a Hydraulic Infrastructure: The Example of Hubei Province in Late Imperial Times.” In – “Une cycle hydraulique en Chine: La province du Hubei du xvle au xixe siècles (A hydraulic cycle in China: The province of Hubei from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries).” Wu Yijin, William A. Gough, Jiang Tong, Wang Xuelei, and Jin Weibin.

It makes sense; rivers provide fresh water for drinking, fish for food, irrigation for farming, and natural protection from attack.

“Analysis of Historical Floods on the Yangtze River, China: Characteristics and Explanations.” Jiang Tong, Zhang Qiang, Zhu Deming, and Wu Yijin. The burden of evidence, including that provided by the study itself, suggests that this figure underestimates the extent of mortality by a large margin. Flooding was a perennial problem faced by those living in the Yangzi region. Many of the world’s oldest civilizations were built next to rivers. Although partly the result of unsustainable patterns of agricultural expansion, Zhang Jiayan argues that this crisis also reflected the entrenched political and economic difficulties experienced by governments during the late Qing and early Republic (1800s to 1928). While effective in their mission, the new hydraulic infrastructure required maintenance, without which the normal function of the river resumed, now to devastating effect. The physical inundation of the landscape began in the late spring of 1931. The 1931 flood formed part of a hydraulic crisis that had been unfolding in the Yangzi basin since the early nineteenth century. “Wuhan Longwang Miao de bianqian (The Transformation of Wuhan’s Dragin King Temple)” Tu Wangchang. The flooding of the Yangtze River was at its worst in the July and August of 1931. These frozen reservoirs melted in the spring and merged with unusually heavy rains, engorging rivers and lakes and raising the water table.By early August 1931 one of the most populous regions in the world was under water. The Central China Flood of 1931 extended over the whole of the Yangtse Valley and inundated 70,000 square miles and 8.5 million acres of farmland. The Yangtze is not only one of the earth’s longest rivers, it is a site of tremendous biodiversity. “Observed trends of annual maximum water level and streamflow during past 130 years in the Yangtze River basin, China.” Zhang Qiang, Marco Gemmer, and Chen Jiaqi.

The flood zone was roughly equivalent in size to England and half of Scotland, or the states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut combined. According to Jonathan Spence (The Search for Modern China, p.434) it flooded an area the size of New York state. When expanded to cover the entire period of the humanitarian catastrophe, which lasted approximately one year, it would seem that the original figure of 2 million deaths published by the National Flood Relief Commission is by no means an unreasonable estimate.Geographic Scope: 181,500 km2.

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